Tun daga 2014, masana'antar motocin lantarki ta zama mai zafi a hankali. Daga cikin su, kula da yanayin zafi na abin hawa na motocin lantarki a hankali ya zama zafi. Domin kewayon motocin lantarki ya dogara ba kawai akan ƙarfin ƙarfin baturi ba, har ma da fasahar sarrafa zafin jiki na abin hawa. Hakanan tsarin sarrafa zafin baturi yana dadandananced wani tsari daga karce, daga sakaci zuwa hankali.
Don haka a yau, bari muyi magana game dakula da thermal na motocin lantarki, me suke gudanarwa?
Kamanceceniya da bambance-bambance tsakanin sarrafa zafi na abin hawa na lantarki da sarrafa zafin abin hawa na gargajiya
An sanya wannan batu a wuri na farko saboda bayan masana'antar kera motoci ta shiga sabon zamanin makamashi, iyawa, hanyoyin aiwatarwa da kuma abubuwan sarrafa zafin jiki sun canza sosai.
Ba a buƙatar ƙarin bayani game da tsarin kula da zafin jiki na motocin man fetur na gargajiya a nan, kuma ƙwararrun masu karatu sun bayyana a fili cewa sarrafa zafin jiki na gargajiya ya ƙunshi.tsarin kula da thermal mai sanyaya iska da thermal management subsystem na powertrain.
Tsarin sarrafa zafin jiki na motocin lantarki yana dogara ne akan tsarin sarrafa zafin jiki na motocin mai, kuma yana ƙara tsarin sarrafa wutar lantarki na lantarki da tsarin sarrafa zafin baturi, sabanin motocin mai, motocin lantarki sun fi kula da canjin yanayin zafi, zafin jiki shine maɓalli. factor don ƙayyade amincinsa, aiki da rayuwa, kula da thermal hanya ce mai mahimmanci don kula da yanayin zafin da ya dace da daidaituwa. Sabili da haka, tsarin kula da yanayin zafi na baturi yana da mahimmanci musamman, kuma kula da zafin jiki na baturi (rashin zafi / zafi mai zafi / zafi mai zafi) yana da alaƙa kai tsaye da amincin baturi da daidaiton wutar lantarki bayan amfani da dogon lokaci.
Don haka, dangane da cikakkun bayanai, akwai bambance-bambancen da ke gaba.
Daban-daban tushen zafi na kwandishan
Tsarin kwandishan na motar man fetur na gargajiya ya ƙunshi compressor, condenser, bawul na fadadawa, evaporator, bututu da sauran su.aka gyara.
Lokacin sanyaya, refrigerant (firiji) ana yin shi ta hanyar compressor, kuma ana cire zafin da ke cikin motar don rage zafin jiki, wanda shine ka'idar refrigeration. Dominaikin compressor yana bukatar injin ya tuka shi, injin da ake sanyawa a cikin firiji zai kara nauyi na injin, kuma wannan shine dalilin da ya sa muke cewa kwandishan lokacin rani yana kashe mai.
A halin yanzu, kusan dukkanin dumama abin hawan mai shine amfani da zafi daga injin sanyaya coolant - yawan zafin da ake samu da injin ana iya amfani dashi don dumama na'urar sanyaya iska. Na'urar sanyaya tana gudana ta cikin na'urar musayar zafi (wanda aka fi sani da tankin ruwa) a cikin tsarin iska mai dumi, kuma iskar da mai busa ke ɗauka shine zafi da na'urar sanyaya injin, kuma ana dumama iska sannan a aika cikin mota.
Duk da haka, a cikin yanayin sanyi, injin yana buƙatar yin aiki na dogon lokaci don tada zafin ruwa zuwa yanayin da ya dace, kuma mai amfani yana buƙatar jure sanyi na dogon lokaci a cikin mota.
Dumama sabbin motocin makamashi ya fi dogara ne akan na'urorin dumama wutar lantarki, na'urorin dumama wutar lantarki suna da injin dumama iska da na'urar dumama ruwa. Ka'idar naúrar iska tana kama da na'urar busar gashi, wanda kai tsaye yana dumama iska mai kewayawa ta cikin takardar dumama, don haka samar da iska mai zafi ga motar. Amfanin wutar lantarki shine cewa lokacin dumama yana da sauri, ƙimar ƙarfin makamashi ya ɗan ƙara girma, kuma zafi mai zafi yana da girma. Rashin lahani shine iska mai dumama ta bushe musamman, wanda ke kawo jin bushewa ga jikin ɗan adam. Ka'idar na'urar dumama ruwa tana kama da na injin wutar lantarki, wanda ke dumama mai sanyaya ta cikin takardar dumama, kuma mai zafi mai zafi yana gudana ta cikin tsakiyar iska mai zafi sannan kuma yana dumama iskar da ke zagayawa don cimma dumama ciki. Lokacin dumama na'urar dumama ruwa ya fi tsayi fiye da na iska, amma kuma yana da sauri fiye da na motar mai, kuma bututun ruwa yana da asarar zafi a cikin yanayin yanayin zafi kadan, kuma ƙarfin makamashi ya dan ragu kadan. . Xiaopeng G3 yana amfani da injin dumama ruwa da aka ambata a sama.
Ko wutar lantarki ce ko dumama ruwa, ga motocin lantarki, ana buƙatar batir mai wuta don samar da wutar lantarki, kuma yawancin wutar lantarkin ana amfani da su a ciki.kwandishan dumama a cikin ƙananan yanayin zafi. Wannan yana haifar da rage yawan tuki na motocin lantarki a cikin ƙananan yanayin zafi.
Kwatantaed da matsalar jinkirin dumama motocin mai a cikin ƙananan yanayin zafi, amfani da dumama wutar lantarki ga motocin lantarki na iya rage lokacin dumama.
Gudanar da thermal na batura masu ƙarfi
Idan aka kwatanta da injin sarrafa zafin jiki na motocin mai, buƙatun kula da thermal na tsarin wutar lantarki sun fi tsauri.
Saboda mafi kyawun kewayon zafin baturin aiki kaɗan ne, ana buƙatar zafin baturi gabaɗaya ya kasance tsakanin 15 zuwa 40° C. Duk da haka, yanayin yanayin da motoci ke amfani da shi shine -30 ~ 40° C, kuma yanayin tuƙi na ainihin masu amfani suna da rikitarwa. Kulawar thermal yana buƙatar ganowa da tantance yanayin tuki na ababen hawa da yanayin batura, da aiwatar da mafi kyawun sarrafa zafin jiki, da ƙoƙarin cimma daidaito tsakanin amfani da makamashi, aikin abin hawa, aikin baturi da ta'aziyya.
Domin rage yawan damuwa, ƙarfin baturin abin hawa na lantarki yana ƙara girma da girma, kuma yawan makamashi yana karuwa kuma yana karuwa; A lokaci guda, ya zama dole don magance sabani na tsayin cajin lokacin jiran masu amfani, kuma caji mai sauri da caji mai sauri ya kasance.
Dangane da sarrafa zafin jiki, babban caji mai sauri na yanzu yana kawo haɓakar zafi mai girma da ƙarfin ƙarfin baturi. Da zarar zafin baturin ya yi yawa yayin caji, maiyuwa ba zai haifar da haɗari kawai ba, har ma yana haifar da matsaloli kamar rage ƙarfin baturi da haɓakar lalata rayuwar baturi. Zane nathermal management tsaringwaji ne mai tsanani.
Gudanar da yanayin zafi na abin hawa
Daidaita gidan kwanciyar hankali
Yanayin zafin jiki na cikin gida na abin hawa yana shafar jin daɗin mazaunin kai tsaye. Haɗuwa tare da ƙirar ƙirar jikin ɗan adam, nazarin kwarara da canja wurin zafi a cikin taksi wata hanya ce mai mahimmanci don inganta kwanciyar hankali na abin hawa da haɓaka aikin abin hawa. Daga tsarin tsarin tsarin jiki, daga tashar kwandishan, gilashin abin hawa wanda ya shafi hasken rana da kuma tsarin jiki duka, hade tare da tsarin kwandishan, ana la'akari da tasiri akan jin dadi na mazaunin.
Lokacin tuki abin hawa, masu amfani yakamata su fuskanci motsin tuƙi wanda ƙarfin ƙarfin abin hawa ya kawo, har ma da kwanciyar hankali na muhallin gida shine muhimmin sashi.
Baturin wutar lantarki sarrafa yanayin daidaita yanayin zafi
Baturi a cikin yin amfani da tsari zai gamu da matsaloli da yawa, musamman a cikin zafin baturi, batirin lithium a cikin yanayin yanayin zafi mai ƙarancin ƙarfi yana da ƙarfi, a cikin yanayin yanayin zafi yana da haɗari ga haɗarin aminci, amfani da batura a cikin matsananci. lokuta za su iya haifar da lahani ga baturin, ta yadda za a rage aikin baturi da rayuwa.
Babban manufar sarrafa zafi shine sanya fakitin baturi koyaushe yayi aiki a cikin kewayon zafin da ya dace don kula da mafi kyawun yanayin fakitin baturi. Tsarin kula da yanayin zafi na baturin ya ƙunshi ayyuka guda uku: zubar da zafi, preheating da daidaita yanayin zafi. Ana daidaita ɓarkewar zafi da zafin rana don yuwuwar tasirin yanayin yanayin waje akan baturi. Ana amfani da daidaita yanayin zafi don rage bambance-bambancen zafin jiki a cikin fakitin baturi da kuma hana saurin ruɓe sakamakon zafi na wani ɓangaren baturin.
Tsarin kula da yanayin zafin baturi da ake amfani da su a cikin motocin lantarki a yanzu a kasuwa an kasu kashi biyu: na'urar sanyaya iska da sanyaya ruwa.
Ka'idar tatsarin kula da thermal mai sanyaya iska ya fi kama da tsarin kashe zafi na kwamfuta, ana sanya fanka mai sanyaya wuta a wani sashe na baturin baturi, dayan karshen kuma yana da hurumi, wanda ke hanzarta kwararar iska tsakanin batir ta hanyar aikin fanka, don haka don cire zafin da baturin ke fitarwa lokacin da yake aiki.
Idan za a iya faɗi a bayyane, sanyaya iska shine ƙara fan a gefen fakitin baturi, sannan a sanyaya fakitin baturin ta hanyar busa fanka, amma iskar da fan ɗin ke hurawa zai shafi abubuwan waje, da ingancin sanyaya iska. za a rage lokacin da zafin waje ya fi girma. Kamar yadda busa fanka baya sanya ku sanyaya a rana mai zafi. Amfanin sanyaya iska shine tsari mai sauƙi da ƙananan farashi.
Sanyaya ruwa yana kawar da zafin da baturi ke haifarwa yayin aiki ta hanyar sanyaya a bututun mai sanyaya cikin fakitin baturi don cimma tasirin rage zafin baturi. Daga ainihin tasirin amfani, matsakaicin ruwa yana da babban madaidaicin canja wurin zafi, babban ƙarfin zafi, da saurin sanyaya, kuma Xiaopeng G3 yana amfani da tsarin sanyaya ruwa tare da ingantaccen sanyaya.
A cikin sauƙi, ƙa'idar sanyaya ruwa shine shirya bututun ruwa a cikin fakitin baturi. Lokacin da zafin baturin ya yi yawa, ana zuba ruwan sanyi a cikin bututun ruwa, sannan a kwashe zafin da ruwan sanyi ya huce. Idan fakitin baturi ya yi ƙasa sosai, yana buƙatar dumama.
Lokacin da abin hawa ke motsawa da ƙarfi ko caji cikin sauri, ana haifar da babban adadin zafi yayin caji da cajin baturi. Lokacin da zafin baturi ya yi yawa, kunna kwampreso, kuma firjin mai ƙarancin zafin jiki yana gudana ta cikin mai sanyaya cikin bututun sanyaya na mai musayar zafi. Na'urar sanyaya mai ƙarancin zafin jiki yana shiga cikin fakitin baturi don cire zafi, ta yadda baturin zai iya kula da mafi kyawun yanayin zafi, wanda ke inganta aminci da amincin baturin yayin amfani da mota kuma yana rage lokacin caji.
A cikin lokacin sanyi mai tsananin sanyi, saboda ƙarancin zafin jiki, aikin batir lithium yana raguwa, aikin baturi yana raguwa sosai, kuma baturin ba zai iya zama mai ƙarfi mai ƙarfi ko caji mai sauri ba. A wannan lokacin, kunna wutar lantarki don dumama mai sanyaya a cikin da'irar baturi, kuma babban mai sanyaya zafin jiki yana dumama baturin. Yana tabbatar da cewa abin hawa kuma yana iya samun saurin caji da tsayin tuki a cikin yanayin ƙarancin zafi.
Wutar lantarki mai sarrafa wutar lantarki da manyan sassan lantarki masu sanyaya zafi
Sabbin motocin makamashi sun sami cikakkiyar ayyukan wutar lantarki, kuma an canza tsarin wutar lantarki zuwa tsarin wutar lantarki. Baturin wutar lantarki yana fitowa har zuwa370V DC ƙarfin lantarki don samar da wuta, sanyaya da dumama ga abin hawa, da kuma samar da wuta ga sassa daban-daban na lantarki akan motar. Yayin tukin abin hawa, kayan aikin lantarki masu ƙarfi (kamar injina, DCDC, masu kula da motoci, da sauransu) za su haifar da zafi mai yawa. Babban zafin na'urorin wutar lantarki na iya haifar da gazawar abin hawa, iyakancewar wuta har ma da haɗarin aminci. Gudanar da zafin jiki na abin hawa yana buƙatar watsar da zafin da aka samar cikin lokaci don tabbatar da cewa manyan abubuwan lantarki na abin hawa suna cikin kewayon zafin aiki mai aminci.
Tsarin sarrafa wutar lantarki na G3 yana ɗaukar ɓarkewar zafi mai sanyaya ruwa don sarrafa thermal. Na'urar sanyaya da ke cikin bututun na'ura mai sarrafa famfo na lantarki yana gudana ta cikin motar da sauran na'urorin dumama don ɗaukar zafi na sassan lantarki, sannan kuma ya bi ta cikin radiator a gaban ginin abin da ake ci na abin hawa, kuma ana kunna fan ɗin lantarki. sanyaya da high-zazzabi coolant.
Wasu tunani game da ci gaban masana'antar sarrafa thermal na gaba
Ƙananan amfani da makamashi:
Don rage yawan amfani da wutar lantarki da ke haifar da kwandishan, kwandishan mai zafi mai zafi ya sami kulawa sosai. Kodayake tsarin famfo mai zafi na gabaɗaya (ta amfani da R134a azaman refrigerant) yana da ƙayyadaddun iyakoki a cikin yanayin da ake amfani da su, kamar ƙarancin zafin jiki (a ƙasa -10).° C) ba zai iya aiki ba, firiji a cikin yanayin zafi mai zafi ba shi da bambanci da na'urar kwandishan abin hawa na lantarki. Duk da haka, a yawancin sassan kasar Sin, lokacin bazara da kaka (zazzabi na yanayi) na iya yin tasiri yadda ya kamata wajen rage yawan makamashin da ake amfani da shi na kwandishan, kuma adadin kuzarin makamashi ya ninka sau 2 zuwa 3 na na'urorin lantarki.
Karancin amo:
Bayan motar lantarki ba ta da tushen amo na injin, amo da ke haifar da aikinda kwampresokuma fan ɗin lantarki na gaba-gaba lokacin da aka kunna kwandishan don firiji yana da sauƙi masu amfani da kokensu. Ingantattun samfuran fan na lantarki masu natsuwa da manyan kwampreso na ƙaura suna taimakawa rage hayaniyar da aiki ke haifarwa yayin haɓaka ƙarfin sanyaya.
Maras tsada:
Hanyoyin sanyaya da dumama tsarin kula da zafi galibi suna amfani da tsarin sanyaya ruwa, kuma buƙatun zafi na dumama baturi da kwandishan dumama a cikin ƙananan yanayin zafi yana da girma sosai. Mafita a halin yanzu ita ce ƙara wutar lantarki don haɓaka samar da zafi, wanda ke kawo tsadar sassa da yawan amfani da makamashi. Idan an sami ci gaba a fasahar batir don warwarewa ko rage matsananciyar buƙatun batura, zai kawo babban ingantawa cikin ƙira da tsadar tsarin sarrafa zafi. Hakazalika yin amfani da ɗumamar dattin da motar ke haifarwa yayin tafiyar da abin hawa zai taimaka wajen rage yawan kuzarin da ake amfani da shi na tsarin kula da yanayin zafi. Fassara baya shine rage ƙarfin baturi, haɓaka kewayon tuki, da rage farashin abin hawa.
Mai hankali:
Babban digiri na lantarki shine haɓakar haɓakar motocin lantarki, kuma na'urorin kwantar da hankali na al'ada suna iyakance ne kawai ga ayyukan firiji da dumama don haɓaka masu hankali. Ana iya ƙara haɓakar kwandishan zuwa babban tallafi na bayanai dangane da halayen motar mai amfani, irin su motar iyali, za'a iya daidaita yanayin zafin jiki da hankali ga mutane daban-daban bayan sun hau motar. Kunna na'urar sanyaya iska kafin fita ta yadda zafin da ke cikin motar ya kai ga yanayin zafi mai daɗi. Na'urar iskar lantarki mai hankali na iya daidaita alkiblar iskar ta atomatik gwargwadon adadin mutanen da ke cikin motar, matsayi da girman jiki.
Lokacin aikawa: Oktoba-20-2023